جراند و اینفینیتیو gerund vs infinitive
خدا بگم این خارجیا را چیکار کنه. همه چیزشون با ما فرق می کنه. وقتی می خواید صبحت کنید باید یکسری قوانین مثل gerund و infinitive را رعایت کنید.
gerund و infinitive دو شکل از فعل هستند که می توانند به عنوان اسم، صفت، یا قید استفاده شوند.
gerund با اضافه کردن -ing به انتهای فعل ساخته می شود. به عنوان مثال:
- eating (خوردن)
- writing (نوشتن)
- swimming (شنا کردن)
infinitive با اضافه کردن to به ابتدای فعل ساخته می شود. به عنوان مثال:
- to eat (خوردن)
- to write (نوشتن)
- to swim (شنا کردن)
حالا باید فعل هایی که جزو این دو دسته هستند را حفظ کنید. البته بعضی از فعل ها جز هر دو دسته هستند.
فعل های مهم و پرکاربرد gerund:
| acknowledge | She acknowledged receiving assistance. |
| * accuse of | He was accused of smuggling contraband goods. |
| admit | They admitted falsifying the data. |
| advise | The author advises undertaking further study. |
| anticipate | He anticipates having trouble with his supervisor. |
| appreciate | I appreciated having a chance to read your draft. |
| avoid | He avoided answering my question. |
| complete | I finally completed writing my thesis. |
| consider | They will consider granting you money. |
| defer | She deferred writing her report. |
| delay | We delayed reporting the results until we were sure. |
| deny | They denied copying the information. |
| discuss | They discussed running the experiments again. |
| entail | This review procedure entails repeating the test. |
| * look after | He will look after mailing the tickets. |
| * insist on | He insisted on proofreading the article again. |
| involve | This procedure involves testing each sample twice. |
| justify | My results justify taking drastic action. |
| mention | The author mentions seeing this event. |
| * plan on | They had planned on attending the conference. |
| postpone | The committee has postponed writing the report. |
| recall | I cannot recall getting those results before. |
| resent | He resented spending so much time on the project. |
| recommend | She recommends reading Marx. |
| resist | The writer resists giving any easy answers. |
| risk | She risks losing her viewing time. |
| sanction | They will not sanction copying without permission. |
| suggest | I suggest repeating the experiment. |
| * take care of | He will take care of sending it to you. |
| tolerate | She can’t tolerate waiting for results. |
فعل های مهم و پرکاربرد infinitive:
| afford | We cannot afford to hesitate. |
| agree | The professors agreed to disagree. |
| appear | The results appear to support your theory. |
| arrange | They had arranged to meet at noon. |
| beg | I beg to differ with you. |
| care | Would you care to respond? |
| claim | She claims to have new data. |
| consent | Will you consent to run for office? |
| decide | When did he decide to withdraw? |
| demand | I demand to see the results of the survey. |
| deserve | She deserves to have a fair hearing. |
| expect | The committee expects to decide by tomorrow. |
| fail | The trial failed to confirm his hypothesis. |
| hesitate | I hesitate to try the experiment again. |
| hope | What do you hope to accomplish? |
| learn | We have learned to proceed with caution. |
| manage | How did she manage to find the solution? |
| neglect | The author neglected to provide an index. |
| need | Do we need to find new subjects? |
| offer | We could offer to change the time of the meeting. |
| plan | They had planned to attend the conference. |
| prepare | He was not prepared to give a lecture. |
| pretend | I do not pretend to know the answer. |
| promise | They promise to demonstrate the new equipment. |
| refuse | She refused to cooperate any longer. |
| seem | Something seems to be wrong with your design. |
| struggle | We struggled to understand her point of view. |
| swear | He swears to tell the truth. |
| threaten | The team threatened to stop their research. |
| volunteer | Will you volunteer to lead the group? |
| wait | We could not wait to hear the outcome. |
| want | She did not want to go first. |
| wish | Do you wish to participate? |
توضیحات اضافی:
تفاوت اصلی بین gerund و infinitive در نحوه استفاده از آنها است.
Gerund معمولاً به عنوان اسم استفاده می شود. به عنوان مثال:
- Eating is my favorite hobby. (خوردن سرگرمی مورد علاقه من است.)
- I enjoy swimming in the pool. (من از شنا کردن در استخر لذت می برم.)
Infinitive معمولاً به عنوان فعل استفاده می شود. به عنوان مثال:
- I want to eat. (من می خواهم بخورم.)
- I need to write a letter. (من باید یک نامه بنویسم.)
با این حال، gerund و infinitive همچنین می توانند به عنوان صفت یا قید استفاده شوند.
Gerund به عنوان صفت معمولاً با کلمه ing نوشته می شود. به عنوان مثال:
- The eating table is over there. (میز غذا آنجاست.)
- The writing desk is in the study. (میز تحریر در مطالعه است.)
Infinitive به عنوان صفت معمولاً با کلمه to نوشته می شود. به عنوان مثال:
- I have a to-do list. (من یک لیست کارهایی که باید انجام دهم دارم.)
- She is a to-be doctor. (او یک پزشک آینده است.)
Gerund به عنوان قید معمولاً با کلمه ing نوشته می شود. به عنوان مثال:
- I am eating a banana. (من یک موز می خورم.)
- She is writing a letter. (او یک نامه می نویسد.)
Infinitive به عنوان قید معمولاً با کلمه to نوشته می شود. به عنوان مثال:
- I am going to eat. (من می روم تا بخورم.)
- She is going to write a letter. (او می رود تا یک نامه بنویسد.)
در اینجا چند مثال دیگر از نحوه استفاده از gerund و infinitive آورده شده است:
Gerund
- I am enjoying my vacation. (من از تعطیلاتم لذت می برم.)
- I am tired of working. (من از کار کردن خسته شده ام.)
- I am good at swimming. (من در شنا خوب هستم.)
Infinitive
- I want to go to the beach. (من می خواهم به ساحل بروم.)
- I need to study for the test. (من باید برای امتحان مطالعه کنم.)
- I am going to help you with that. (من می روم تا به تو کمک کنم.)
